","longer_truncated_body_json":null,"longer_truncated_body_html":null,"truncated_body_text":"If confidential sources are not protected, investigative journalism will die.","wordcount":1269,"postTags":[{"id":"2f4ce471-ec01-48ca-a97e-0b149db155a1","publication_id":260347,"name":"show-pop-up","slug":"show-pop-up","hidden":false},{"id":"399cda06-b0c7-40a9-b1fd-535b297d0884","publication_id":260347,"name":"Catherine Herridge","slug":"catherine-herridge","hidden":false},{"id":"b4678eb6-2f94-4a82-9f36-eb382f4ef6fa","publication_id":260347,"name":"media","slug":"media","hidden":false}],"postCountryBlocks":[],"publishedBylines":[{"id":248198723,"name":"Catherine Herridge","handle":null,"previous_name":null,"photo_url":null,"bio":null,"profile_set_up_at":null,"is_guest":true,"bestseller_tier":null}],"reaction":null,"reaction_count":373,"comment_count":189,"child_comment_count":95,"is_geoblocked":false,"truncated_description":null,"hasCashtag":false,"truncated_body_html":null,"post_paywall_content_for_google":null,"cover_image_alt":null,"cover_image_caption":"Catherine Herridge interviewing Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf in 2020. (U.S. Department of Homeland Security)","html":"
If confidential sources are not protected, investigative journalism will die.
I know that sounds overly dramatic, and I know you\u2019ve probably heard it a million times. But it\u2019s true. I\u2019ve been a TV correspondent for three networks\u2014Fox, CBS, and ABC\u2014across four decades. I\u2019ve broken my share of stories about government wrongdoing, and I know for a fact that if I hadn\u2019t been able to offer my sources a credible pledge of confidentiality, they never would have divulged information that was being kept from the public. Like the story I wrote in 2021, to take just one example, about how the Trump administration wrongly denied Purple Hearts to over 40 soldiers because President Trump didn\u2019t want to acknowledge the severity of Iran\u2019s ballistic missile attack on a U.S. base in Iraq.
Any investigative reporter will tell you the same thing: forcing a journalist to disclose confidential sources will have a crippling effect on effective investigative journalism in this country. The First Amendment provides protections for the press because an informed electorate is essential for robust debate and a strong democracy.
But what happens when you find yourself dragged into a lawsuit, ordered to divulge your sources, and held in contempt when you refuse?
That\u2019s the situation I find myself in now. Yet I know just how important it is that I stand by my promise to keep my sources confidential\u2014not just for me but for all journalists.
In brief: in 2017, when I was the chief intelligence correspondent for Fox News, I broadcast three reports about an FBI investigation. Two years later, the subject of that investigation filed a Privacy Act lawsuit against the FBI and several other federal agencies, claiming they had leaked information to me. The plaintiff now wants me to reveal my source(s) as part of her lawsuit against the federal agencies. During a deposition last September, I refused to do so. As a result, in February, the judge overseeing the case held me in civil contempt.
While I have complete respect for the courts and the judicial process, I am now potentially facing crippling fines of $800 a day until I give up my source(s). (For now, the fines have been stayed pending an appeal.)
Around the same time as that contempt ruling in February, I was laid off by CBS News, which I had joined in 2019. (It\u2019s been a rough year.) After locking me out of the building, CBS seized hundreds of pages of my reporting files, including confidential source information. At that time, my primary assignment was the Hunter Biden investigation as well as Special Counsel Robert Hur\u2019s probe of President Biden. A number of my sources told me they feared that by helping me uncover government corruption, they were now going to be exposed.
Thankfully, with support of my union, SAG-AFTRA, the records were returned. But the incident underscored the fragility of confidential sources, and a corporate culture that seemed to diminish journalism by branding the reporting materials as \u201Cwork product.\u201D (In a statement issued at the time, CBS News said it \u201Cacted to secure and protect the material in Ms. Herridge\u2019s office.\u201D)
It is relatively uncommon for a court or the government to try to force a reporter to divulge sources. But it does happen, and when it does, it has a chilling effect on sources, reporters, and journalism itself. Sources wonder if they can trust a journalist who promises confidentiality, while journalists become less willing to offer that promise. It damages the ability of the press to root out wrongdoing.
There is some good news, though. Congress appears poised to make it far more difficult for journalists to be compelled to divulge their sources. In January, in a rare display of bipartisanship, the House unanimously passed the Protect Reporters from Exploitative State Spying Act, or the PRESS Act.
The bill, which is now awaiting action in the Senate, would mandate the disclosure of sources only in a limited number of cases, including imminent violence, such as terrorist threats. It would also bar the government from surveilling journalists via phone or electronic records. The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and 53 news media organizations call it \u201C...a reasonable, common-sense measure to preserve the free flow of information to the public.\u201D
Indeed, a recent letter from a coalition of more than 130 civil liberties and journalism organizations, plus law professors and media lawyers, called the legislation \u201Ca rare chance to strengthen freedom of the press.\u201D Led by Senators Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Mike Lee (R-UT), the bill is co-sponsored by Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Dick Durbin (D-IL) and Ranking Member Lindsey Graham (R-SC). There is hope Durbin can advance the bill with the support of Graham and others before the end of the year. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer is on record saying that he hopes to have the legislation on the president\u2019s desk this year.
In one sense, I\u2019m lucky. Fox News has the resources to support me throughout this fight. I\u2019m grateful for that. But the corporate media companies where I have spent my career are shrinking, while the growth of independent journalism and newsrooms is exploding. Most of these news organizations are small and lack the resources to withstand years of expensive litigation to protect their sources. The PRESS Act, I\u2019m convinced, could be enormously important in preventing these new outlets from being strangled by litigation.
The protection of confidential sources is not about ego, and it doesn\u2019t mean that journalists are somehow above the law. It\u2019s about preserving the tools that shine a light on wrongdoing and hold government officials accountable. No whistleblower, no government insider with firsthand knowledge of corruption and misconduct will come forward without a promise their identity will be protected. In other words, without the promise of confidentiality, a reporter\u2019s investigative toolbox is empty.
The litigation, and especially the contempt ruling, have taken a toll on me and my career. But I\u2019ve come out the other side\u2014bruised, but with a new sense of purpose and clarity. The First Amendment, the protection of confidential sources, and a free press are my guiding principles.
A few months ago, I had the opportunity to testify before Congress on the subject of press freedom and confidential sources, and in support of the PRESS Act. I told the legislators, \u201COne of our children recently asked me if I would go to jail, if we would lose our house, and if we would lose our family savings to protect my reporting sources. I wanted to answer that, in this country, where we say we value democracy and the role of a vibrant and free press, it was impossible. But I couldn\u2019t offer that assurance.\u201D
Our son told me, in a matter-of-fact tone, \u201Cto do what it takes,\u201D and he offered reassurance. \u201CI\u2019ve got your back.\u201D I testified that if a teenager can understand the importance of the PRESS Act, surely the Senate can advance the bill and the president can sign it. As we head into the next presidential election, the PRESS Act may be the one issue that can unite both parties.
I hope that I am the last journalist who has to spend two years or more in federal court defending confidential sources against the threat of contempt sanctions. If we want to preserve robust investigative journalism in the United States, I believe the PRESS Act is the hill to die on.
Catherine Herridge is an Emmy Award\u2013winning veteran investigative correspondent who covers national security and intelligence. Follow her on X @C_Herridge.
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