https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12035 · 
Journal: Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2013, №19-20, p.2734-2747
Publisher: Wiley
Authors: Melek Yildiz, Zehra Durna, Semiha Akin
Abstract
<jats:sec>Aims and objectivesTo assess the oral hygiene needs and the status of the oral mucus membranes of patients being treated in an intensive care unit and to determine the personal‐ or treatment‐related variables associated with oral hygiene and the status of the oral mucus membranes of patients.</jats:sec><jats:sec>BackgroundOral hygiene has an impact on the clinical outcomes and well‐being of critically ill patients.</jats:sec><jats:sec>DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional design was used.</jats:sec><jats:sec>MethodThe study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a private hospital located in Istanbul. The study sample consisted of 60 patients treated in the intensive care unit for five consecutive days. Oral assessments were conducted once per day every morning for five days. The oral assessments were performed using the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">O</jats:styled-content>ral <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">A</jats:styled-content>ssessment <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">T</jats:styled-content>ool and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">O</jats:styled-content>ral <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">A</jats:styled-content>ssessment <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>hecklist.</jats:sec><jats:sec>ResultsThe oral hygiene status and the health of the oral mucus membranes improved over the consecutive five‐day assessments, and the routine oral care provided by nurses in the intensive care unit was effective in preventing oral mucus membrane‐related complications.</jats:sec><jats:sec>ConclusionsThe frequency of oral care and oral moistening should be determined according to the patient's condition and the presence of risk factors for oral complications. Oral mucus membranes should be assessed closely and systematically in all critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated, are receiving oxygen therapy, are undergoing invasive procedures, have a history of chronic health problems or are receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition.</jats:sec><jats:sec>Relevance to clinical practiceTo prevent infections or complications during intensive care treatment, it is important for nurses working in critical care units to develop and implement oral care assessments and evidence‐based oral care protocols.</jats:sec>
List of references
- Abidia RF, Oral care in the intensive care unit: a review, The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, № 8, с. 076
https://doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-8-1-76 - Akça Ay F, Hemşirelik Günlük Öz Bakım Uygulamaları (Self‐care Practices and Nursing Interventions)
- Atay A, Ağız dokularına candida yapışması (Candida albicans adhesion), Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, № 17, с. 46
- Bakır M, Yoğun bakım ünitesinde infeksiyon kontrolü (Infection control at the intensive care units), Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, № 3, с. 102
- Berry AM, Systematic literature review of oral hygiene practices for intensive care patients receiving mechanical ventilation, American Journal of Critical Care, № 16, с. 552
https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2007.16.6.552 - Burns N, The Practice of Nursing Research
- Dikmen Y, Yoğun bakım ünitesinde ventilatör ilişkili pnömonilerin değerlendirilmesi (Ventilator‐associated pneumoniae in an intensive care unit), Klimik Dergisi, № 17, с. 117
- Eilers J, Development, testing, and application of the oral assessment guide, Oncology Nursing Forum, № 15, с. 325
- Erten H, Tükürüğün ağız–diş sağlığı bakımından önemi ve koruyucu fonksiyonları (The importance of saliva at oral health and its protective functions), Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, № 20, с. 61
- Eşer İ, Kemoterapi uygulanan lösemili hastalarda planlanmış bir ağız bakım yönteminin, ağız içi maya enfeksiyonları ve diğer komplikasyonların önlenmesindeki etkinliğin incelenmesi (Effectiveness of Oral Care on Development of Oral Fungal Infections or Other Complications Undergoing Chemotherapy for Leukemia)
- Fitch JA, Oral care in the adult intensive care unit, American Journal of Critical Care, № 8, с. 314
https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1999.8.5.314 - Grap MJ, Oral care interventions in critical care: frequency and documentation, American Journal of Critical Care, № 12, с. 113
https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2003.12.2.113 - GriffithsJ JonesV LeemanI LewisD PatelK&WilsonK(2000)Guidelines for the Development of Local Standards of Oral Health Care for Dependent Dysphagic Critically and Terminally Ill Patients. British Society for Disability and Oral Health. Available at:http://www.bsdh.org.uk/guidelines/depend.pdf(accessed 5 December 2011).
- Hanneman SK, Frequency of oral care and positioning of patients in critical care: a replication study, American Journal of Critical Care, № 14, с. 378
https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2005.14.5.378 - Johnstone L, Oral hygiene care in the pediatric intensive care unit: practice recommendations, Pediatric Nursing, № 36, с. 85
- Keçeci AD, Ağız kuruluğunun etiyolojisi ve tedavisinde günümüzdeki yaklaşım (Contemporary approach to the etiology and therapy of xerostomia), Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, № 12, с. 58
- Llena‐Puy CL, The Role of saliva in maintaining oral health and as an aid to diagnosis (abstract in English), Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, № 11, с. E449
- Mojon P, Oral health and respiratory infection, Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, № 68, с. 340
- Munro CL, Oral health status and development of ventilator – associated pneumonia: a descriptive study, American Journal of Critical Care, № 15, с. 453
https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2006.15.5.453 - National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI‐CTC)(1999)CTC Version 2.0. Available at:http://www.eortc.be/services/doc/ctc/ctcv20_4-30-992.pdf(accessed 5 December 2010).
- NSW Health Statewide Guidelines for Intensive Care(2007)Consensus‐Based Clinical Guideline for the Provision of Oral Care for the Critically Ill Adult 2007 reviewed 2010. Available at:http://intensivecare.hsnet.nsw.gov.au/current/files/8%20%20Final%20oral%20guideline%20December%205_1.pdf(accessed 5 January 2011).
- Özeç İ, Sivas'ta 40 yaş üzeri bireylerde ağız mukozası lezyonlarının yaygınlığının değerlendirilmesi (Evaluation of the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in people aged over 40 in Sivas), Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, № 11, с. 10
- PearS StoesselK&ShoemakeS(2007)The Role of Oral Care in the Prevention of Hospital‐Acquired Pneumonia.Independent Study Guide. Available at:http://www.kchealthcare.com/media/74346/4%20-oral%20care%20study%20guide%20.pdf(accessed 5 December 2010).
- Şardan Çetinkaya Y, Yoğun bakım ünitesi infeksiyonlarının izlemi, kontrolü ve korunma (Surveillance, control and prevention of intensive care unit infections), Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, № 2, с. 16
- Talbot LA, Principles and Practice of Nursing Research
- Wagh H, Ventilator associated pneumonia – an Overview, British Journal of Medical Practitioners, № 2, с. 16
- World Health Organization(2009)Oral Toxicity Scale. Available at:http://www.mouthsmadegood.com/en-gb/nurse-resources/about-oral-mucositis-nurse.pdf(accessed 5 December 2010).
Publications that cite this publication
Effects of different oral care scrubs on ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention for machinery ventilates patient
Hua-ping Wei, Kelu Yang
https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000014923 · Full text
2019, Medicine, №12, p.e14923
Scopus
WoS
Crossref citations:7
Find all citations of the publication
About this publication
| Number of citations | 9 |
| Number of works in the list of references | 27 |
| Journal indexed in Scopus | Yes |
| Journal indexed in Web of Science | Yes |
ASJC classification
| 2700 | General Medicine |
| 2900 | General Nursing |
